Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Components

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products depend on the quality and combination of various raw materials. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use.

Core Layers of a Sanitary Napkin

1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. Typically made from non-woven fabric or perforated plastic film, this layer needs to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to prevent irritation and maintain comfort.

2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component responsible for fluid absorption. The core usually contains:

• Fluff pulp (wood cellulose) for basic absorption
• Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
• Sometimes includes cotton or other natural fibers for enhanced comfort

3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the waterproof layer that prevents leaks. It’s typically made from polyethylene (PE) film or a breathable microporous film that allows vapor to escape while blocking liquid.

Additional Components

Adhesive Strips

These are pressure-sensitive adhesives applied to the underside of the pad to keep it securely in place in the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold but gentle enough not to damage fabrics.

Wings

Many sanitary napkins feature side wings that fold over the edges of underwear for extra security. These are usually made from the same material as the top sheet but may include additional adhesive strips.

Release Paper

This protective layer covers the adhesive strips before use. It’s typically made from silicon-coated paper or plastic film that peels away easily.

Specialty Materials in Premium Products

Antibacterial Agents

Some manufacturers add silver nanoparticles or other antibacterial compounds to prevent odor and bacterial growth.

Fragrance Components

While controversial due to potential irritation, some pads include fragrance microcapsules or scented layers to mask menstrual odor.

Aloe Vera or Vitamin E

Premium products may incorporate soothing ingredients like aloe vera or vitamin E into the top sheet to reduce skin irritation.

Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are developing more sustainable options:

• Organic cotton top sheets
• Biodegradable back sheets made from plant-based materials
• Chlorine-free fluff pulp
• Reduced SAP content for easier decomposition

Conclusion

The combination and quality of these raw materials determine a sanitary napkin’s performance, comfort, and safety. As technology advances and consumer preferences evolve, we continue to see innovations in materials that improve both functionality and environmental sustainability in feminine hygiene products.