Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, protection, and comfort.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or other natural fibers for premium products

Key properties:
– Soft and non-irritating
– Quick-drying surface
– Breathable to prevent skin irritation

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Absorption capacity:
– Regular pads: 5-10 ml
– Super pads: 10-15 ml
– Overnight pads: 15-20 ml

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leakage. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Microporous “breathable” films
– Biodegradable options like PLA (polylactic acid)

Important characteristics:
– Liquid-proof
– Flexible
– Quiet (no crinkling sound)

### 4. Adhesive Layer

The glue that keeps the pad in place:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives
– Hypoallergenic formulations
– Strippable release paper backing

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Odor Control Additives

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Antimicrobial agents

### 2. Wetness Indicators

– Color-changing dyes
– pH-sensitive materials

### 3. Organic and Natural Options

– Organic cotton topsheet
– Bamboo fiber core
– Chlorine-free pulp

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on eco-friendly materials:

– Biodegradable SAP from plant sources
– Compostable back sheets
– Reduced plastic content
– Plant-based adhesives

## Quality and Safety Standards

All sanitary pad materials must meet strict regulations:

– FDA approval for medical devices
– OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certification
– Dermatologically tested
– Free from harmful chemicals like dioxins

## Future Material Innovations

Emerging technologies include:

– Smart materials with moisture sensors
– Self-cleaning surfaces
– Nanofiber technology for ultra-thin pads
– Biodegradable superabsorbents

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use during menstruation. As technology advances, we can expect even more comfortable, effective, and environmentally friendly options in the future.