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Sanitary Pad Materials: Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the materials used in their construction is crucial for both comfort and health. This article explores the composition and properties of common sanitary pad materials.

Core Absorbent Materials

The core of a sanitary pad is designed to quickly absorb and retain menstrual flow. The most common materials include:

• Wood pulp: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorption
• Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): Synthetic materials that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
• Cotton: Often used in premium pads for its softness and breathability

Top Sheet Materials

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. Common materials include:

• Non-woven fabric: Provides a dry surface feel and quick liquid transfer
• Perforated plastic film: Offers a smooth surface and prevents leakage
• Organic cotton: Used in natural and hypoallergenic products

Back Sheet Materials

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials typically include:

• Polyethylene film: A waterproof plastic layer
• Breathable microporous film: Allows air circulation while preventing leaks
• Biodegradable materials: Used in eco-friendly products

Adhesive Components

Sanitary pads use adhesives to stay in place:

• Pressure-sensitive adhesive: Bonds to underwear fabric
• Wing adhesives: Help secure the pad’s wings
• Hypoallergenic adhesives: For sensitive skin

Additional Features

Modern sanitary pads may include:

• Odor control agents: Such as baking soda or activated charcoal

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• Aloe vera or vitamin E: For skin comfort
• Antibacterial treatments: To maintain hygiene

Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are developing:

• Biodegradable materials: That break down more quickly
• Organic options: Free from pesticides and chemicals
• Reusable cloth pads: As an alternative to disposable products

Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices based on comfort, performance, and environmental impact.