Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose while working together to provide protection and comfort.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Pads

### Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or cotton-blend materials

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and quick-drying capability to maintain skin comfort.

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of the sanitary pad, responsible for fluid retention. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both materials

SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, while fluff pulp provides structure and additional absorption capacity.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials used include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Nonwoven fabric composites

This layer must be waterproof yet comfortable against clothing.

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Layers

Sanitary pads contain several adhesive components:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for panty attachment
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Construction adhesives for structural integrity

### Release Paper

The protective layer removed before use is typically:

– Siliconized paper

– Plastic film
– Nonwoven material

## Material Properties and Performance

### Absorption Capacity

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines:

– Total fluid holding capacity
– Absorption rate
– Retention under pressure

### Comfort Factors

Material choices affect:

– Surface dryness (wetness perception)
– Breathability
– Skin irritation potential
– Noise level during movement

### Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on:

– Biodegradable materials
– Reduced plastic content
– Sustainable sourcing of raw materials

## Future Material Trends

The sanitary pad industry continues to evolve with:

– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Antibacterial treatments
– Enhanced odor-control technologies
– Thinner yet more absorbent designs

Understanding these material compositions helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use during menstruation. Manufacturers continue to innovate, balancing performance, comfort, and environmental impact in sanitary pad design.