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Researchers believe an Australian bee which produces a “cellophane-like” material for its nests could help to end the world’s reliance on disposable plastics.

The native Hylaeus nubilosus masked bee, known for the distinctive yellow badge on its back, does not sting or live in hives but it has generated interest because of the nesting material it produces, which is non-toxic, waterproof, flame-resistant and able to withstand heat.

A biotech company in New Zealand, Humble Bee, is trying to reverse-engineer the material in the hope of mass producing it as an alternative to plastic.

Veronica Harwood-Stevenson, the firm’s founder,  said she began investigating the potential plastic alternative after noticing a throwaway line in a research paper about the “cellophane-like” qualities of the masked bee’s nesting material.

"Plastic particles and chemicals have permeated ecosystems and organisms around the world, [from] foetal blood of babies [to] the most remote arctic lakes; it’s so pervasive, it’s terrifying," she told The Sydney Morning Herald.

"It’s about biomimicry, about copying what’s in the natural environment, and we’ve been doing it in design for centuries, from plane wing design inspired by birds of prey to train shapes reflecting bird beaks."

Richard Furneaux, a chemistry professor  at the Victoria University of Wellington, said the discovery of the new material was “almost too good to be true”.

“Its robustness is beyond what you would have expected,” he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

Scientists analysed the genetic makeup of the bioplastic by studying the bee’s glands.

Humble Bee plans to initially use the material to make outdoor apparel, such as camping gear, which often use toxic chemicals to keep them waterproof.

"Outdoor apparel is definitely what we’re most interested in because of the chemicals being used and because chances are, if you like the environment, you don’t want the products you enjoy to be screwing up the environment,"  Ms Harwood-Stevenson said.

Scientists believe chemicals used to change the properties of plastic – such as those that make it harder or waterproof – may be harmful and could increase the risk of heart disease, cancer or infertility.

The bioplastic could also be used for aviation, electrics and construction products. It is resistant to acid which could allow it to coat medicines and help them to pass through the stomach.

The firm hopes to start selling the bioplastic in five years.

The thickest sea ice in the Arctic has started to break up, opening waters north of Greenland that are normally frozen, experts have warned.

One meteorologist described the phenomenon – recorded for the first time this year – as “scary”.

Scientists said it could prove catastrophic for polar bears and seals, threatening their survival.

The sea off the north coast of Greenland had long been known as “the last ice area” because it was expected to be the last place to remain frozen, given it had the oldest and thickest ice.

Others said it could force scientists to revise their theories about which part of the Arctic will withstand global warming the longest.

The sea off the north coast of Greenland had long been known as “the last ice area” because it was expected to be the last place to remain frozen, given it had the oldest and thickest ice.

But now scientists are warning that the ice has broken up twice this year, due to warm winds and heatwaves in the northern hemisphere.

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The thick old sea ice will have been pushed away from the coast, to an area where it will melt more easilyThomas Lavergne, Norwegian Meteorological Institute

The changes could force scientists to revise their theories about which part of the Arctic will withstand global warming the longest.

Professor Peter Wadhams, who heads the Polar Ocean Physics Group at Cambridge University, said the trend would also have “serious” consequences for wildlife – and could prove catastrophic for polar bears and seals.

“The north coast of Greenland, with its very steep cliffs, is a denning area for polar bears,” Prof Wadhams said.

“They dig holes in the snow and come out in the spring and go hunting. But if the pack ice has moved offshore they come out hibernation and are left without an area to hunt.

“They can’t swim very far. If this becomes a permanent feature with ice away from the coast, polar bears won’t have any ice to hunt on. You would lose the polar bear habitat,” he told The Independent.

Ruth Mottram of the Danish Meteorological Institute said: “Almost all of the ice to the north of Greenland is quite shattered and broken up and therefore more mobile.”

“Open water off the north coast of Greenland is unusual. This area has often been called ‘the last ice area’ as it has been suggested that the last perennial sea ice in the Arctic will occur here. The events of the last week suggest that, actually, the last ice area may be further west.”

How fast is the Arctic ice melting? | Meet the British scientist who risked polar bear attacks and plagues of mosquitoes to find out

Walt Meier, a senior research scientist at the US National Snow and Ice Data Center, said: “The ice there has nowhere else to go so it piles up. On average, it’s over four metres thick and can be piled up into ridges 20 metres thick or more. This thick, compacted ice is generally not easily moved around.

“However, that was not the case this past winter (in February and March) and now. The ice is being pushed away from the coast by the winds.”

Thomas Lavergne, a scientist at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, described satellite pictures of blue water penetrating white ice as “scary”.

Even if the water closes over in a few days, the harm will be done, he told The Guardian.

“The thick old sea ice will have been pushed away from the coast, to an area where it will melt more easily.”

Imran Khan has said he will forego the lavish lodgings normally used by Pakistan’s prime ministers and instead live in a three-bedroom house, with only two servants rather than hundreds, as he prepared the country for an austerity drive.

The newly sworn-in leader used his first address to the nation to rail against waste as his country faces a severe economic crisis.

The former cricket hero said it was shameful that the sprawling prime minister’s house had 524 staff and a fleet of 80 vehicles, 33 of them bulletproof.  The cars are to be sold off with only two kept for the new prime minister.

“ I want to tell my people, I will live a simple life, I will save your money,” he said.

The 65-year-old will live in a three-bed residence normally reserved for the military secretary.

He also used his Sunday evening address to call on the rich to start paying taxes and for Pakistani’s living overseas to send their money back to domestic banks to help the country’s foreign currency crisis.

In a 70-minute speech he repeated many of his populist campaign talking points, but offered little detail of how he will stave off an impending economic crisis which his own finance minister has said is dire.

Opposition parties also complained that he failed to mention how the country would deal with growing extremism, which Mr Khan has been accused of emboldening by invoking hardline issues like blasphemy on the campaign trail.

Pakistan is said to need an urgent bailout of around $12bn to stave off a looming crisis. Loans from China, Saudi Arabia or the International Monetary Fund are all understood to be under consideration.

But he complained that the country was in a spiral of debt, borrowing to pay off the interest on earlier loans, and would lose respect by begging elsewhere for money.

Instead, he called on Pakistani expats to send their money back home.

He said: “I want you to bring your money to Pakistan. To keep your money in Pakistani banks. Right now we are short on dollars. There is a huge trade gap right now.”

Mr Khan also spoke of his country’s need to tackle poverty and malnutrition and promised to reduce some of the world’s highest maternal death rates and infant mortality rates.

He said Pakistan was in severe danger from climate change and spoke about the need to educate the 22.8 million Pakistani children who are out of school.

Meanwhile his new foreign minister said on Monday that he wanted talks with neighbouring India and Afghanistan.

Shah Mahmood Qureshi, also stressed that the civilian government would determine foreign policy, potentially putting Mr Khan’s new administration on a collision with the powerful military. Pakistan’s generals have ruled the country for much of its history and view policy on national security, India and Afghanistan as their realm.

Mr Qureshi said that "the foreign policy of Pakistan will be formed here at the foreign office."

Gen Design – the developer led by Ico, Shadow of the Colossus and The Last Guardian creator Fumito Ueda – has posted what may be an image of its new game.

Underneath a Happy New Year message on the Gen Design website there is the image of a girl (or perhaps boy) sat in the dark on a kind of stone altar, radiating a beam of light. Far more eye-catching, however, is the massive chubby fist of a giant off to the right.

In the website’s source code (via Resetera) the picture is named “Beauty and the Beast 2018”.

I met Fumito Ueda at the Gamelab conference last summer, where he talked about his process of making games and how traditionally he created an image early on to represent what he wanted to achieve. Perhaps this new image is it?

The Last Guardian, then referred to as Ico 3, was teased with a visual image as long ago as in 2008.

However, Ueda also told me the tools available today make it possible to quickly whip up a prototype for the same purpose. Perhaps the image, then, is taken from a prototype?

At the time he couldn’t say much about his game. “About the new project,” he said, “I can’t say many things, but until now the priority for me is visual image. Now I change a little bit the process so I intend to make a prototype because there are many tools to facilitate making one.”

He did say, though, he intended his new game to be “very different”, although as with Ico and Shadow of the Colossus and The Last Guardian, there may end up being a familiar look and feel to it – as there appears to be in the image.

“The last three games we created, I didn’t intend to be very similar to each other,” he told me. “When I start to create our games, always I think we will create something different. But as a result, in the three games there are some similarities, a feeling. In the process of operation there’s a moment when one game links with another. But I don’t put it in at the start – it happens in the process.

“So now I think I’m creating something very different, but the result? I can’t say.”

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How long it will take Ueda and Gen Design to make the new game remains to be seen. The Last Guardian took a famously long time to make, the result of “many problems”, Ueda told me – presumably the PS3 couldn’t handle it, hence the leap to PS4.

But again, the prevalence of good tools today means development could be significantly quicker. “I would like to finish a game as quickly as possible,” he said. “Traditionally or conventionally when we start to make a game, we have to start from zero, but nowadays there are many tools to facilitate the creation of game, so in this sense perhaps we have to change the method of creating the game.”

Currently, Sony is remaking Shadow of the Colossus for PS4, and the game is due out remarkably soon, on 7th February.

Coffee is to be banned at all South Korean schools, even for teachers, as part of a government campaign to promote healthier living. 

The country’s Ministry of Food and Drug Safety announced the new curb this week, saying it would kick in at primary, middle and high schools from September 14, reported the Korea Times

The ministry said the move aimed to tackle the side-effects of consuming too much caffeine including dizziness, a rapid heartbeat, sleep disorders or nervousness. It warned that continuous caffeine consumption could harm a young child’s physical and mental health.

"The revision aims to create healthy eating habits among children and teenagers," a ministry official was quoted as saying. "We will make sure coffee is banned at schools without fail."

Under the current law, products high in calories or caffeine, or low in nutrition are already restricted or banned on school premises, including coffee milk products.

The secret to making the perfect 
cup of coffee:
 a pro’s guide

However, coffee has been classified as an adult beverage and has been sold in school vending machines which are readily accessible to students. 

There are fears that students may be taking coffee to help them cope with long hours of study and stress.  South Korean school pupils traditionally face huge pressures in the fierce competition to get accepted for one of the country’s top universities. 

According to the Berkeley Political Review, South Korea has the highest suicide rate in the world for children aged ten to 19. 

Most of these suicides are reportedly caused by stress relating to education, with children often spending more than 16 hours a day at school and in after-school programmes, and the school year lasting for 11 months. 

Over 26 billion cups of coffee were served to South Koreans in 2017, meaning an average of 512 cups of coffee were consumed per person.

But coffee consumption still remains much lower on average compared with the US, UK and much of Europe. 

A note from the editor: Jelly Deals is a deals site launched by our parent company, Gamer Network, with a mission to find the best bargains out there. Look out for the Jelly Deals roundup of reduced-price games and kit every Saturday on Eurogamer.

As it has a tendency to do most days, Humble is hosting a wealth of discounts on some of the finest indie games available for PC this week.

The Indie Mega Week sale features ‘up to 80% off’ some of the previous year’s highlights, as well as some older gems. In amongst the rabble, you’ll find Cuphead with 15% off, Hellblade with 25% off, Heat Signature with 20% off, Undertale at half price and more.

At the time of writing, you can also grab a free copy of Layers of Fear along with the game’s soundtrack. That’s 100% off if you’re not keeping track.

Here are some highlights:

  • Stardew Valley for ?7.25 / $9.89
  • Slime Rancher for ?10.04 / $13.39
  • Undertale for ?3.74 / $4.99
  • Heat Signature for ?9.19 / $11.99
  • A Hat in Time for ?20.69 / $26.99
  • Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice for ?18.74 / $22.49
  • Cuphead for ?12.74 / $16.99
  • Hollow Knight for ?7.25 / $9.89
  • No Man’s Sky for ?15.99 / $23.99
  • Gang Beasts for ?11.99 / $15.99
  • The Witness for ?14.99 / $19.99
  • Crypt of the NecroDancer for ?2.19 / $2.99
  • Owlboy for ?11.39 / $14.99
  • Axiom Verge for ?7.49 / $9.99
  • Hyper Light Drifter for ?7.49 / $9.99
  • Duck Game for ?3.99 / $5.19

Indie Mega Week Sale from Humble Store

In addition to that, you can still pick up this month’s Humble Monthly for ?10 / $12, which will get you access to Dawn of War 3, Quantum Break and The Long Dark along with a stack of other Steam keys once the month is over.

If you’d like to grab a last minute gift, we’ve got our own Christmas gifts for gamers guide as well, with some last minute ideas.

Three men accused of torturing and killing kangaroos are being hunted by police in Australia, just days after a man was arrested for intentionally mowing down emus in another high-profile animal cruelty case.

Police in Western Australia on Wednesday released images of the men wanted for questioning over separate incidents in June and May during which "two kangaroos were tortured and killed".

A man was seen brandishing knuckle-dusters in one of the pictures, alongside another suspect with his face pixelated and wearing a similar weapon on his hand.

The hunt for the alleged kangaroo killers comes on the heels of an arrest made after sickening footage of a driver running over emus in the outback sparked a social media storm.

The video, described as "horrific cruelty" by animal welfare groups, showed a man ploughing into at least a dozen of the ostrich-like birds in his four-wheel drive, counting and laughing loudly each time he hit one.

A 20-year-old man was arrested in Victoria late Friday over the incident and was expected to face a raft of charges related to animal cruelty.

Assassin’s Creed Oranges owners will notice a 3GB update being piped to their consoles and/or PC today. It contains a selection of handy updates and changes.

First up, for folk who’ve noticed the game has struggled loading textures at a distance (we’re looking at you, 2D trees), there are various fixes on the way to hopefully make things prettier.

Among the detailed patch notes are points including “Improved texture streaming selection to allow for more high-resolution texture”, “Fixed loading grid setups for tall palm tree fields to improve their view distance” and various improvements specific to certain in-game locations (Siwa, Alexandria, and more).

Xbox One X owners get further improvements, as Ubisoft increases the “texture and terrain memory budgets”.

As previously announced, today’s patch brings with it Ubisoft’s free Horde mode addition, a fresh Nightmare difficulty, and the option to scale easier enemies up to your level.

(Side note: we’re expecting the Chocobo horse update next week.)

Other handy improvements I spotted in today’s patch notes include the ability to filter via “uncompleted locations”, which will help if you’re trying to nail down that final achievement/trophy, and the ability to hide more elements of HUD.

A third-person action-RPG with XP loss on death, bonfire mechanics and a taste for the grotesque, Code Vein has been billed as Bandai Namco’s in-house alternative to the Souls series, trading Bloodborne’s fetid strain of European Gothic for a world of anime vampires. Witness the marketing tagline, “prepare to dine”. So it’s a slight shock to find that the new game breaks one of From Software’s unwritten core principles straight out the gate. Integral to every Souls game is the experience of loneliness, that sense that you are the only moving object in a cyclopean expanse of dead architecture and stagnant myths. True, you can summon allies to aid you, but these are presented as fleeting, ethereal interactions, and you never feel like you have “companions”, exactly. It’s more a question of being haunted by kindred spirits as you set out through the wasteland alone.

Code Vein also deals in wastelands, but you’ll have plenty of more persistent and straightforward company throughout, for better and possibly worse. The game is set in a shattered semi-urban environment where amnesiac Revenants search for the Blood Tear fruits they need to subsist without feeding on humans, battling hordes of misshapen Lost vampires who have been consumed by their own bloodlust. Each Revenant you meet in the eponymous Vein has different capabilities and is on a quest of their own, often involving their missing memories. You’ll be able to recruit some of them as co-op buddies, and as I discovered, these buddies are a little on the chatty side.

During my demo I was paired with Mia, a baby-faced predator with a powerful rifle. She kept up a running commentary as we explored, responding to everything from lower player health through collecting items to opening the inventory screen. Her remarks were always brief and to the point, in fairness, and the script has a certain, pleasing self-awareness to it: at one stage, the character praised me for swinging at a corpse to ensure that it was genuinely dead, one of the more time-honoured Souls player traditions. Still, it’s easy to imagine that trickle of small-talk becoming an annoyance as you push deeper into each dungeon. This kind of thing makes sense in an Uncharted game, but when I’m probing the ghastly secrets of post-apocalyptic catacombs, the last thing I need is background patter.

You can always travel without a buddy, but if you do that, you’ll miss out on some fun mechanics. Mia is an effective support providing you keep her out of the mincer, casting buffs on you as monsters approach and doing her best to draw away a little aggro or interrupt attacks as you barge into the throng. Even better, she’s a walking bloodbag, sharing her health pool with you when you’re about to cop it, providing she won’t kill herself in the process. You can return the favour if you have the means, which leads to some great split-second decision-making when the heat is on. Is it worth having Mia around to overclock your attacks and run interference, or should you conserve that precious health and try to muscle through the last third of a boss battle by yourself?

You’ll probably need a hand more often than not, because Code Vein is every bit as arduous and arcane as a Souls game, happy to dump you back at a Mistral checkpoint without all your XP if you take its many combat variables for granted. Attacks and dodging burn stamina quickly, and running out will leave you winded, obliging a careful balance of aggression and evasion. Enemies have pronounced trigger zones, and it’s usually wise to rile them one by one, picking off archers and grunts before you tangle with anything big and scary. There’s a lot going on beneath the surface – weapon power scales with certain character stats, and the customisation screen is a gristly stew of resistances, weight caps and impact types.

Buried in amongst the Soulsy elements are bursts of original thinking that lean on the vampire premise. You can perform a variety of flamboyant charge attacks to drain enemies of Ichor, which allows you to replenish your payload of spells (ranging from flame blasts to elemental weapon buffs) beyond the starting maximum. Still, this is a travel-worn recipe on the whole, and before long, the sense of over-familiarity begins to tell. Ambushes, for instance, are frequent yet never all that surprising. Any veteran of Cainhurst Castle or the Tomb of the Giants will know exactly what to look out for: enemies with their backs turned toward you oh so invitingly, innocent-looking treasure chests near piles of corpses, and grotty slime creatures that drop from the ceiling.

Talkative companions and that slightly slavish adherence to formula aside, Code Vein’s aesthetic has its ups and downs. Reminiscent of Bandai Namco’s old God Eater series, it’s a strange mix of extravagant and murky, spiking concrete grey and oily blackness with puddles of electric blue and orange. Some of the enemy designs are wondrous – my favourite so far is the Queen’s Knight, a boss character composed of thorns and chitin with a distressingly long reach – but the weapons (especially the larger double-handed swords) and outfits are occasionally busy to the point of distracting, like they’ve been thrashed out in isolation from the rest of the art direction. I’m hoping that later environments will introduce a bit more brightness and clarity, though the possibilities are obviously hindered by the choice of a vampire as protagonist.

Code Vein is a game I’m confident I’ll enjoy, and one I’d so far recommend to Souls fans and newcomers alike, but I’m not sure I’ll ever be captivated by it. The combat has plenty of teeth, and the partner system could be rewarding if the other Revenant buddies are as robustly designed as Mia, but those diminishing returns do take their toll, and what I’ve experienced of the narrative and world leaves me scratching my head. The greatness of Souls and Bloodborne is that every component feels like the expression of a single, abiding enigma, some vast metaphysical truth that informs everything, and which you piece together at a largely subconscious level as you roam, fight and die. For all the elaborateness of the art and talk of recovering lost memories, I don’t yet get that sense from this game. There’s plenty of blood pumping through Code Vein, but I’m still searching for its heart.

As the death toll rises along the tsunami-battered coastline of Sulawesi, it may have been the devastating earthquake, rather than the huge waves, that caused many of the casualties. 

Balaroa and Petobo were two villages that escaped the wall of water that engulfed much of Palu and Donggala. But the sheer force of the magnitude 7.5 earthquake turned the earth temporarily to mush, causing whole neighbourhoods to be sucked into the ground.  

Both were turned into mass graves by the terrifying phenomenon called liquefaction, where saturated sand and silt take on the characteristics of a liquid during the intense shaking of an earthquake.

It takes place when a quake has increased water pressure in…